The spatial organisation for cooperation: what knowledge can we use from a historical analysis to understand the design of a new campus at Saclay ?

International audienceThis proposal is part of the thesis which is looking at the conception of the Campus Paris-Saclay (France) being part of the implementation of a nationwide public policy the main purpose of which to give France a higher education and research system of excellence. One of many reforms is to stimulate the scientific cooperation by grouping together some of the best French higher education institutions and to promote cooperation between public research and the economic world. The starting point of the research is to question what involves the notion of campus by looking at the hypothesis that a historical approach can create knowledge. We propose to focus on the principles of campus development in order to establish a morphological and functional genealogy of this object. The principles reveal that the purpose of the first campus was to organise a new community or to bring several communities together and create a social link between them, materialised by specifics shapes: quadrangle, galleries etc. What kind of knowledge can we use from empirical examples of cooperation in the business field (Axelrod, 1984) (Hatchuel, 1996) (Segrestin, 2006) to enhance the reflection and to conceive the spatial organisation of the cooperation between several partners of the campus? We propose to look at the actual management of emblematic projects for cooperation at Saclay, such as the Learning Center building and its spatial organisation in order to question if the new campus will create innovative conditions for the production of knowledge

Visualization of spatial organization: from art of memory to action?

International audienceSpatial settings are more and more present in organizational and management studies looking the interactions of space and organizations (Clegg, Kornberger, 2006). The study of workspaces organization, for example, has become a remarkable way to analyze organization modalities and practices (Van Marrewijk, Yanow, 2010). This study proposes to introduce the notion of projection by analyzing a viable link between spatial settings and visual dimension in organization (Meyer, al., 2013). By this approach, the paper will question the role of images during organization construction processes. Images – as places – are known to be the foundation of the art of memory (Yates, 1966), a way for the organization of thought (Quattrone, 2009). The idea is to interrogate the possibility for images to project action. The paper's aim is to analyze the role of visual artifacts during spatial organization design. More specifically, we will focus on the uses of images (maps, models, drawings) in order to represent organizational actions during identity construction processes. Research question: How can visual artifacts be used as an instrument for the construction of an organizational identity during spatial design processes? An investigation through maps, models and drawings. Methodology and case study: The paper proposes to study the use of maps, models or drawings as "visual language" by the political discourse (Kress, Van Leeuwen, 1996) in order to give projections of the future organization of the Campus of Paris-Saclay in France. The French State's intention at Saclay is to group on the same territory several institutions in order to create a new university and to promote the scientific cooperation between some of the best French higher education institutions, public research and the economic world. Based on Spicer and Tyler typology (2007), the paper takes a projected view of the territory (macro level). From a large focus based on « pre-existing » maps, models and drawings, we will use an archeological approach (Meyer and. al. 2013) to collect the data. The collection of these visuals artifacts allows to investigate and trace several points of view according to actors dynamics in situation of institutional change (Battilana, Leca, Boxenbaum, 2009). As an example, the scientific project management at Saclay uses a map (Figure. 1), which represents the grouping on the same territory -through the use of logos-of all institutions involved in the project

The principles of campus development: a morphological and functional genealogy. What kind of knowledge can we use from an historical analysis for the design of a new campus in Saclay?

Proceedings available at http://www.crepa.dauphine.fr/fileadmin/mediatheque/masters/crepa/Proceedings_OAP_2013_FINAL_02.pdf, in which this paper tooks place from p.41 to 42International audienceThis presentation is part of the thesis, which is looking at the Campus Paris-Saclay (France) project. The aim is to analyse the conception of the new campus being part of the implementation of a nation wide public policy which main purpose is to give France a higher education and research system of excellence, at the world's best level, in order to allow to national visibility and competitiveness. A series of reforms have been introduced crossing several dynamics: the implementation of structures to evaluate and finance research, groups to stimulate the scientific cooperation, the development of a territorial policy, a system of competitive bidding and the promotion of cooperation between public research and the economic world. The thesis project consists of the analysis of the concept of the Saclay model and its implementation. How does this model of territorial organization come to life, is justified and contributes to national public policy

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. For example, a key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process versus those that measure fl ux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process including the amount and rate of cargo sequestered and degraded). In particular, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation must be differentiated from stimuli that increase autophagic activity, defi ned as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (inmost higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium ) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the fi eld understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. It is worth emphasizing here that lysosomal digestion is a stage of autophagy and evaluating its competence is a crucial part of the evaluation of autophagic flux, or complete autophagy. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. Along these lines, because of the potential for pleiotropic effects due to blocking autophagy through genetic manipulation it is imperative to delete or knock down more than one autophagy-related gene. In addition, some individual Atg proteins, or groups of proteins, are involved in other cellular pathways so not all Atg proteins can be used as a specific marker for an autophagic process. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field

Collaborative communities and their roles in education in the city

The world of work is changing. A century after moving from an agriculture-centered world to an Industrial one, from self-employed workers to salaried employees, our modern economies are slowly transitioning towards a new model: based on simultaneous collaboration and competition, the boundaries of contemporary organizations are blurring; information technologies are allowing individuals and companies to set base away from cities; shared working spaces are triggering new forms of collaborations between individuals and corporations. This White Paper aims at diagnosing key institutional tensions related to new work practices in the city, and putting forward questions and general propositions likely to overcome these tensions. The idea is to analyze how new collaborative communities and collaborative logics (of coworkers, hackers, makers, fabbers, and teleworkers) and more traditional collective activity and modes of decision making (of the city and corporations in the city) can jointly contribute to the co-production of harmonious new ways of life and new ways of working. Reinventing joint public policies, corporate strategies and citizenship appear here as a key stake where usual dichotomies between private-public, collaborative-non-collaborative economy, traditional citizens and hacktivists need to be overcome. We thus identify in this document a set of controversies around four strong political issues both for the city and the field of management, linked to the emergence of collaborative spaces: o Topic 1. Space, territories, and public policy on collaborative communities in the city; o Topic 2. Collaborative communities and their roles in education in the city; o Topic 3. Business models and their communication in the context of collaborative spaces and collaborative communities; o Topic 4. Collaborative spaces and their roles in innovation and entrepreneurial dynamics at the level of the city Beyond our controversies, we underline three paradoxes which should be at the heart of new questions for policy-makers, hacktivists, actors of collaborative movements, and citizens (distinctions which may become less and less relevant in the years to come): o Social versus economic orientations of both the city and the collaborative communities it can host; o Critical/revolutionary versus more incremental relationships between cities, organizations, societies, collaborative communities, and new work practices; o Local territory (district/proximate area) grounded versus broader city-oriented or connectivity related issues about collaborative movement and new work practices. To balance these tensions, we elaborate seven general areas of questions and propositions for all stakeholders: o The generalization of infra-organization (physical collaborative platforms); o The emergence of “ ‘inclusive lab’ labels” (elaborated and managed by collaborative communities themselves); o A renewed academic presence in the city and in the country-side (with more virtual, distributed and ‘experiential’ logics); o Ephemeral and mobile labs managed jointly by public, collaborative and private stakeholders; o “Open open” innovation in public and semi-public spaces of the city; o Rise of mega-spaces for creativity in the city; o Development of a global infrastructure for coworkers, mobile workers and teleworkers. These are directions we see as particularly promising to manage the tensions, paradoxes and stakes explicated by our controversies. We hope that these questions and propositions will inspire both academics, politicians, hacktivists and entrepreneurs for future collaborations on the study and joint transformation of public policies, corporate strategies, and citizenship

Evaluation de l'apport de l'enteroscanner dans la démarche diagnostique en pathologie digestive en dehors des maladies inflammatoires chroniques intestinales (à propos de 100 cas)

TOURS-BU Médecine (372612103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

FMRP and dendritic local translation of αCaMKII mRNA are required for the structural plasticity underlying olfactory learning

International audienceBackgroundIn the adult brain, structural plasticity allowing gain or loss of synapses remodels circuits to support learning. In Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), the absence of Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) leads to defects in plasticity and learning deficits. FMRP is a master regulator of local translation but its implication in learning-induced structural plasticity is unknown.MethodsUsing an olfactory learning task requiring adult-born olfactory bulb (OB) neurons and cell-specific ablation of FMRP, we investigated whether learning shapes adult-born neuron morphology during their synaptic integration and its dependence on FMRP. We used αCaMKII mutant mice with altered dendritic localization of αCaMKII mRNA as well as a reporter of αCaMKII local translation to investigate the role of this FMRP mRNA target in learning-dependent structural plasticity.ResultsLearning induces profound changes in dendritic architecture and spine morphology of adult-born neurons that are prevented by ablation of FMRP in adult-born neurons and rescued by an mGLUR5 antagonist. Moreover, dendritically translated αCaMKII is necessary for learning and associated structural modifications and learning triggers an FMRP-dependent increase of αCaMKII dendritic translation in adult-born neurons.ConclusionOur results strongly suggest that FMRP mediates structural plasticity of OB adult-born neurons to support olfactory learning through αCaMKII local translation. This reveals a new role for FMRP-regulated dendritic local translation in learning-induced structural plasticity. This might be of clinical relevance for the understanding of critical periods disruption in autism spectrum disorder patients, among which FXS is the primary monogenic cause

Idea original, coordinación y maquetación por Deborah González Jurado

La traducción de las canciones de Virginia Rodrigo al francés comporta, como casi todas las traducciones de obras de la cultura popular contemporánea, ricas en semánticas específicas, lenguaje común coloquial, frases hechas y giros idiomáticos, comportó ciertas dificultades que fueron solucionadas por estudiantes de máster y doctorado francófonas con conocimientos avanzados de francés. Aún así, ciertas expresiones "intraducibles", hubieron de ser explicadas de forma concreta y paratextual. Dada la amplia casuística generada a lo largo del proceso de traducción, inferimos que estos textos pueden servir como ejemplo para la praxis del estudio del español en general y de la traductología en particular, por lo que creemos puede ser de interés ponerlos a disposición de estudiantes, profesores y del público en general.El presente cuadernillo es el resultado de la idea de traducir las letras de las canciones de Virginia Rodrigo al francés, con motivo del evento de dos jornadas (Concierto —día 6 de diciembre 2021— y Conferencia musicalizada —7 de diciembre 2021—) del Seminario 'Humor y Feminismo(s)' del subequipo CHISPA del equipo AMERIBER, organizado por Deborah González Jurado en la Universidad Bordeaux-Montaigne. Al tratarse de un evento abierto a toda la comunidad universitaria, y no solo a los/las estudiantes de las licenciaturas de español, se decidió aportar al público este cuadernillo para ayudar a los no hispanoparlantes en la comprensión del humor feminista español, más un power point que se proyectó en directo en la sala donde se celebró el concierto. Todas las canciones forman parte del repertorio de Virginia Rodrigo, y en su mayoría pertenecen al disco "La Intrusa", aunque algunas podemos encontrarlas en otros de sus álbumes publicados. Casi todas son accesibles para su escucha desde la plataforma Youtube en abierto

Personality Related to Quality-of-Life Improvement After Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson’s Disease (PSYCHO-STIM II)

International audienceBACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation of the sub-thalamic nucleus (DBS-STN) reduces symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients with motor fluctuations. However, some patients may not feel ameliorated afterwards, despite an objective motor improvement. It is thus important to find new predictors of patients’ quality of life (QoL) amelioration after DBS-STN. We hypothesized that personality dimensions might affect QoL after DBS-STN. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate associations between personality dimensions and QoL improvement one year after DBS-STN. METHODS: DBS-STN-PD patients (n = 303) having answered the "Temperament and Character Inventory" (TCI) before surgery and the PDQ-39 before and one year after surgery were included, from the cohort study PREDI-STIM. Linear regression models were used to evaluate associations between TCI dimensions and change in PDQ-39 scores after DBS-STN. RESULTS: Novelty Seeking and Cooperativeness scores before surgery were positively associated with PDQ-39 scores improvement after DBS-STN (FDR-adjusted p <  0.01). Moreover, paradoxically unimproved patients with deterioration of their PDQ-39 scores after DBS-STN despite improvement of their MDS-UPDRS-IV scores had lower Cooperativeness scores, while paradoxically improved patients with amelioration of their PDQ-39 scores despite deterioration of their MDS-UPDRS-IV scores had higher Reward Dependence scores. CONCLUSION: Some presurgical personality dimensions were significantly associated with QoL amelioration and discrepancy between motor state and QoL changes after DBS-STN in PD. Educational programs before DBS-STN should take in account patient personality dimensions to better deal with their expectations